All Rights Reserved. 1.2 Zambia the Western Province are also part of Zone 2.The zone has a total area of 27.4 million ha, of which 87% could be used for agricultural purposes, but only 50% of this is accessible.The remainder has been set aside for national parks, game management areas and forests.Zone 2 is characterised by an annual rainfall . Succulent plants are also widespread, especially in rocky areas. Its surface is almost invariably consisting of a geologically stable land mass made up of the pre-Cambrian basement rock overlain in part by sedimentary cover of a later period. This low-pressure zone mostly lies over the Democratic Republic of . About our use of cookies, Please select which cookies you would like to keep switched on. Black soils of floodplains are fertile, grasses grow on them as soon as the annual flood recedes and provide a rich resource for herbivores. Figure 5 Extent of Desertification in Zambia Figure 6 Annual Rainfall (mm) per Province Figure 7 Maize production (kg) from 1987 to 1999 . This ecoregion is made up of grassland and shrubland, with a great variety of orchids and wildflowers on exposed hills, with forest in narrow valleys and small depressions. In the Kppen climate classification, most of the country is classified as humid subtropical or tropical wet and dry, with small patches of semi-arid steppe climate in the south-west. Otherwise temperature by itself is not a great determinant of plant and animal distribution. excessive high rainfall has acidic soils due to leaching, limiting crop production. Frost only occurs on a few days in winter on the highest exposed hills, or more widely in the lower humidity areas of the southern half of the country. Convectional rain. A map of areas threatened by a wildfire, for instance, would have a date, and perhaps even a time, to track the progress of the wildfire. This warm, moist air then rises, and as it rises, it cools. Where are Temperate Deciduous Woodlands Located? pp (EUR), Zambia: In Southern Africa, countries have recently experienced malaria epidemics following unusual rainfall. What are Mumbais social and economic opportunities? Rainfall at Kabwe is stable over long periods of time but varies considerably in the short term over periods of approximately 8 and 4 years. ZIMSEC FREE NOTES. Climate and specifically rainfall amount is the chief determinant of type and distribution of the ecoregions of Zambia. Corresponding variations are present in the recharge to a dolomite aquifer. Development, population change and the demographic transition model, Strategies for reducing the development gap, How can the growth of tourism reduce the development gap? - Temperature: the mean temperature is predicted to increase in Zambia with a greater frequency of 'Hot' days1 and nights and very few 'Cold'2 days or nights - Rainfall: changes in rainfall are less certain, but rainfall is expected to increase in the rainy season and the winter is expect to be even drier. The River Tees landforms of erosion and deposition, Case Study Ganges/Brahmaputra River Basin, Geological time is on a different time to human time, Different rocks create contrasting landforms and landscapes. [citation needed], Flooding is an annual event on floodplains, to which people and wildlife are adapted. As a result, rainfall is usually low on the leeward side of the mountain range and the area is said to be in a rain shadow. Rainfall and recharge to a dolomite aquifer in a semi-arid climate at Kabwe, Zambia. These are Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Muchinga, Northern, North-Western, Rain occurs on the Windward side and little/no rain on the leeward slope. Copy. Moderate rain describes . Convection makes the air rise and cool. the total land area estimated at 64 million hectares most of which is administered traditional under customary law.The total area of indigenous forest in Zambia is 44.6 million hectares and covers 60 percent of the total land area, out of which 9.6 percent are gazetted forests. Much of the ecoregion in Southern Province (sometimes referred to as the Southern Plateau) and the south-east of Eastern Province (sometimes referred to as the Eastern Plateau) has been cleared for farming and ranching. Kalahari Sands in the south-west of the country are infertile and do not retain moisture, so are dominated mostly by deep-rooted trees with little growth in the understorey. How has the growth of Lagos caused inequality? 2, though only 34 . "In the last part of the season, January, February and March, 2021, most parts of Zambia will have a high chance of receiving normal to above normal rainfall. Study it carefully and follow the route of the water. A delegation led by the DMMU, with the Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Local Government and Ministry of Infrastructure is planning to assess the extent of damage in the affected areas. Latitude is only one factor which determines the climate or even simply the rainfall pattern, temperature pattern etc. An estimated total of 1,337 Ha of maize, 62 Ha of rice, 612 Ha of cassava and 8 . Tours, Mozambique The Zambia Agribusiness and Trade Project (ZATP), which has a current total of $40 million in funds (2016-2024), is a flagship project that aims to deliver on the government's Jobs and Economic Transformation agenda. They are found: This endangered ecoregion is found in only one small area (less than 1%) of northern Zambia, named after Sumbu, and it found is in only location anywhere else, an equally small area of central Tanzania (Itigi). More About Us. Except for those living in areas of permanent freshwater, animals are adapted to the long dry season, as seen in migration and breeding patterns. necta biology "Rather than assuming more rain in general, society needs to take measures to deal with little change most of the time, and a handful of events with much more rain," she and Knutti wrote last . If you've found the resources on this site useful please consider making a secure donation via PayPal to support the development of the site. Open a list of all cookies. Researched evidence suggested that temperature was likely to increase by 1.82oC and rainfall reduce by 0.87 percentage points by 2050. The Mfuwe section of South Luangwa can be visited at any time of year. Limestone Case Study Malham, The Yorkshire Dales. Annual rainfall can reach up to about 1200 mm. None of the country is considered arid or to be desert. Changes in rainfall and other forms of precipitation will be one of the most critical factors determining the overall impact of climate change.Rainfall is much more difficult to predict than . When the Sun heats the Earth's surface, the ground heats the air above it. Safaris, Uganda The government of Zambia through the ZVAC undertook an assessment of the impact of the drought situation on different sectors during the month of May 2019. Results when near saturated, warm maritime air is forced to rise by a coastal mountain barrier. However, these regular droughts have become more extreme and more unpredictable due to climate change.In fact studies based on dendrochronology, or tree rings dating, confirm that drought affected by global warming goes back to 1900.. Rainfall. The best is that Maphill enables you to look at the same country from many different angles. What are the social and economic opportunities associated with the growth of Rio? This is a type of rainfall that occur when warmer air is forced to rise over cold air. slope and dry conditions on the downwind slope. Frontal rain produces a variety of clouds, which bring moderate to heavy rainfall. Climate change in Zambia: Impacts and adaptation. Relief rainfall . Traditionally, people have also migrated in the drier areas where rivers dambos are not prevalent. During the rainy season months of November to April or May some days may be humid, but daily maximum temperatures are usually a little lower than in the hot dry season. The climate of the lower-lying South Luangwa and Lower Zambezi National Parks is considerably hotter: temperatures rise by about 6C for every 1,000m you descend (or 3.5F per 1,000ft). This type of rainfall is common in places with mountains and sea. What factors influence the effects and response to tectonic activity? Lower average altitudes characterize most of the areas in the North. Warm air is pushed up and over the terrain 3.2 Wetlands 3.3 Zambia has Eight Wetlands of International Importance which include, the Kafue Flats . Cultivated maize area has been on average 700,000 ha between 1987 and 2007, with largest area of 900,000 ha in 2008. On the lee side of the similar mountain range, rainfall usually becomes low, and the area is in a rain shadow. The convective storm started when hail 5 to 10 cms diameter hit a number of rural counties. Hydrol., 59: 173--187. Erosion and the washing out of roads and bridges are common. Bush fires range across most of the country in the later dry season, escaping from "chitemene cultivation" and caused by villagers burning off crop residue or hunting, as well as by lightning strikes. Of late, droughts have been crippling the nation and have contributed to the already low life-expectancy GEOLOGY, RELIEF AND DRAINAGE Fig 2.1a page 26 . Highland areas to the west receive the most annual rainfall compared to the low-lying areas in the east. It Part of the industrial area flooded. Flash floods after unusually heavy rain cause damage when they occur in places that do not experience annual floods. Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya Zambia has seen an increase in intercropping between the two years, with 7 percent of the surveyed households adopting intercropping between 2012 and 2015, Physical relief maps actually have raised areas that represent different elevations. How does food insecurity affect the environment? It covers: Covering about 15% of the country in the south, and drier than the Central Zambezian ecoregion, trees in this ecoregion are more scattered and generally smaller, and the relative proportion of woody shrubs is greater. Answer (1 of 3): Relief rainfall is formed when the air cools as it rises over relief features in the landscape such as hills or mountains. This page was last edited on 29 January 2023, at 04:55. Zambia-specific climate change and (2) some empirical background on literature . The term low relief in geography describes landforms that are Flooding is an annual event on floodplains, to which people and wildlife are adapted. Frontal rainfall. They all help to determine the kind of soils in an area. kcse resources There are three main types of rainfall, convectional rainfall, relief rainfall and frontal rainfall. 49. The country does not suffer tornadoes or cyclones of widespread destructive force. landforms. The water cycle as it occurs in real life. How is urban planning improving the quality of life for the urban poor in Rio de Janeiro? kcse past papers In the Kppen climate classification, most of the country is classified as humid subtropical or tropical wet and dry, with small patches of semi-arid steppe climate in the south-west. At higher altitudes it can get a bit cooler. On the leeward side of the mountain it is dry. You can expect rain for roughly half of the month of November in Zambia. What are the impacts of industry on the physical environment? In Zambia this biome is represented by only one ecoregion in a few patches, covering around 5% of the land area. In the rainy season, winds are localised with thunderstorms and may be destructive but usually confined to small areas, such as blowing roofs off buildings. Clouds form, and precipitation occurs. The numbers relate to the location labels on the map. Grey dambo soils contain more nutrients but are waterlogged in the rainy season and often very acidic, restricting the plants which can grow there to sedges and wiry grasses tolerant of marshy conditions. [17][citation needed] The Government of Zambia, like many other countries, had recognised the need to "integrate gender concerns" into all major policies and plans. proposed in areas not yet severely affected by land degradation and drought. Relief: An illustration of the process of soil formation. Prior to the current 2005/06 season, the ZMD predicted normal to above normal rainfall for most parts of Zambia. Make decisions like a pro by using our 79,846 reviews and 216 destination guides. Most of South Africa is a summer rainfall area, November to March, while the Western Cape Province receives most of its rain during winter, May to August. Therefore, a Climate Change Gender Action Plan was published by the government in 2018. They may kill animals, and damage crops if the rains end early and fires happen before harvest. Before the floods, more than 2.3 million people were expected to be severely food . In the UK, prevailing winds from the west lead to air rising over upland areas like the Pennines. Thus they produce a Rain shadow area. Zambia covers a total area of 752,612 km2 including borders, and lies between 8 and 18 south latitudes and longitudes 22 and 34 east. As the air rises, it cools, condenses and forms rain. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. Safaris, Rwanda Castleton A tourist honey pot in The Peak District, Case Study Inner City Redevelopment Londons Docklands. [15] This means that the occurrence of extreme climate events such as droughts and floods would become more frequent. A rain shadow is a dry area on the lee side of a mountainous area. The presence of fire-adapted plants and palaeoecological studies indicate that such fires have happened for millennia. "The government of Zambia has an interest in maize, that's why they go in . The main impact pathway of climate change in the country is through increasing variability in rainfall amounts during the agricultural season across the various agroecological regions, and shifts in the duration of the rainy season. Zambia has a predominantly humid subtropical climate with small patches of semi-arid steppe in the southwest of the country. On older flat maps, you may see areas In the Kppen climate classification, most of the country is classified as humid subtropical or tropical wet and dry, with small patches of semi-arid steppe climate in the south-west. Some bridges have been submerged in the same area, hampering access. 15.099 Temperatures are higher at lower elevations, such as the Luapula-Mweru and Mweru-Wantipa/Tanganyika valleys in the north, and highest in the lower Luangwa and Zambezi valleys in the south, typically experiencing 40C in October. Zambia - Zambia - Climate: Although Zambia lies within the tropics, its climate is modified by the altitude of the country and is generally favourable to human settlement and comfort. 15,306 views. Coastal areas experience a short drier season with most rain occurring over March to October. Dambos also release groundwater to streams and rivers towards the end of the dry season, keeping them flowing permanently.
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