If we stop providing the food pellets, in time, the rat will stop pushing the lever. 1. Did it start again and your parents could not figure out why? Uni-dimensional models alone are too simplistic to explain the etiology of mental disorders fully. As time goes on, the client starts to ask the therapist's permission for everything, instead of just making the decisions on her own. I'm here for you." Freuds psychodynamic theory made a lasting impact on the field of psychology but also has been criticized heavily. d. who are not religious cope better with life stressors such as war and illness. All forget that there is no individual model that completely explains human behavior, or in this case, abnormal behavior, and so each model contributes in its own way. All other toys are allowed, including a Bobo doll. Over time, he begins to understand how events in his early life have impacted how he functions now. In Module 2, we will discuss three models of abnormal behavior to include the biological, psychological, and sociocultural models. A person who is isolated and lacks social support or intimacy is more likely to: Which of the following exemplify secondary prevention? Why might this treatment be effective in preventing alcohol use even after the client stops taking the drug? Second, transference is the process through which patients transfer attitudes he/she held during childhood to the therapist. Behaviorally test your thought. It is the most commonly used biological treatment for mental disorders. Which of the following is an argument of critics of the evolutionary perspective? The psychologist who would MOST closely agree with this statement would be described as:
a. behavioral. The parasympathetic nervous system calms the body. During repolarization the neuron will not fire no matter how much stimulation it receives. A behavioral psychologist would say that the temper tantrums result from: Which form of therapy helps clients recognize errors in logic and try out new interpretations of events? According to psychoanalysts, if a patient relives past repressed feelings, that patient is said to have experienced: A patient sees a therapist to help her address her eating disorder. Why is the psychodynamic model difficult to research? The most common types of antidepressants are SSRIs or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and include Citalopram, Paroxetine, and Fluoxetine (Prozac). Outline observational learning/social-learning theory and the work of Bandura. 118. As such, he continues to steal her toys. These medications fall under five major categories. Joanie has social anxiety. The defense mechanism that BEST explains his behavior is: The antenna-like extensions located at one end of the neuron are called: A therapist identifies a biological factor in a patient with depression. A therapist listens carefully to a client's words and then attempts to show accurate empathy and genuineness. Neural transmission. According to cognition-focused therapists, all of the following can be sources of abnormal thinking EXCEPT:
a. illogical thinking. In this family, the children are also discouraged from asking for advice or seeking support. Show: All Cards 109 1 The earliest major psychological model of abnormal behavior was the cognitive model 2 Attempts to understand the biological basis of depression has linked it to imbalances in -norepinephrine and serotonin 3 Fannie goes to a humanist therapist. 2.2.1.2. b. cognitive-behavioral
The patient continues but always reaches a point when he/she cannot or will not proceed any further. c. develop depression but recover more quickly. Resistance and transference are terms most likely used by which model? How so? Which example BEST describes conditions of worth? Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used MOST often in the treatment of:
a. schizophrenia. b. exposure therapy. The cognitive model focuses on schemas, cognitive errors, attributions, and maladaptive cognitions and offers strategies such as CBT, cognitive restructuring, cognitive coping skills training, and acceptance. c. sociocultural
In operant conditioning, the rule for determining when and how often we will reinforce the desired behavior is called the reinforcement schedule. d. synapses. The ego attempts to mediate the desires of the id against the demands of reality, and eventually, the moral limitations or guidelines of the superego. According to Freuds psychodynamic theory, at birth the child is in the:
a. oral stage. This is a physical aspect of what disease? b. self theory. 58. The antenna-like extensions located at one end of the neuron are called:
a. glia. c. insert RNA into genes. d. ego ideal. Observational learning. The model of abnormality that focuses on unconscious internal processes and conflicts in behavior is the _____ model. Models aid us with doing all of this. a. gestalt theorist
b. psychodynamic theorist
c. existential theorist
d. evolutionary theorist. Postconditioning, or after learning has occurred, establishes a new and not naturally occurring relationship of a conditioned stimulus (CS; previously the NS) and conditioned response (CR; the same response). The defense mechanism that BEST explains your behavior is:
a. denial. Of importance to mental health professionals are the adrenal glands, located on top of the kidneys, and which release cortisol to help the body deal with stress. With this knowledge, a plan is developed and consists of numerous strategies to act on one or all these elements antecedent, behavior, and/or consequence. 163. Both groups were frustrated when deprived of the coveted toy. d. frustrating the client. 73. A self-help group differs from group therapy in that the self-help group: A primary prevention approach is expected to be MOST beneficial for mental health issues with: Which phrase would one be MOST likely to hear in a self-help group? We then discussed biological, psychological, and sociocultural models of abnormality. a. religion causes people to deal better with the challenges of life. The BEST explanation for this trend is that these theories:
As you might expect, the behavior will begin to weaken and eventually stop when this occurs. A person engages in multiple online discussions with a large number of friends on Facebook. Here are the models we will examine in this module: You should have learned the following in this section: Proponents of the biological model view mental illness as being a result of a malfunction in the body to include issues with brain anatomy or chemistry. d. the adverse effects of drugs will result in worse quality of life than the abnormality brings. A theorist who takes an evolutionary perspective on abnormal behavior would MOST likely agree that:
a. genome mapping is a waste of time. According to the psychodynamic model, current behavior is determined by all of the following EXCEPT:
a. past experiences. The axon terminals are the end of the axon where the electrical impulse becomes a chemical message and passes to an adjacent neuron. Admittedly, single factors do emerge during a persons life, but as they arise, the factors become part of the individual. a. modeling. 39. Dontrall observed his parents generous behavior throughout his childhood. The defense mechanism that BEST explains this behavior is: Nikolai's grandmother has just baked cookies and is placing them on a cooling rack. This process is called counterconditioning, or the reversal of previous learning. c. operant conditioning. d. psychodynamic. In science, the perspectives used to explain events are known as:
First, extinction is when something that we do, say, think/feel has not been reinforced for some time. d. Genes do not interact with the environment. Outline respondent conditioning and the work of Pavlov and Watson. But before these diagnostic categories d. disturbing and inaccurate assumptions and attitudes. The brain stimulation technique that uses an electromagnetic coil placed on or above a persons head to send electrical current into certain areas of the brain is called:
a. vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). All of the following describe drawbacks of the cognitive-behavioral model EXCEPT:
a. it is difficult to test in the laboratory. This thought is an example of:
a. depression. Of course, removing cognition from the study of psychology ignored an important part of what makes us human and separates us from the rest of the animal kingdom. 13. Resistance and transference are terms most likely used by which model? Anne has distant parents, failing grades, and insufficient funds for basic necessities and also develops depression. Based on related research, we would expect this person to have a _____ number of offline friends and to _____ share information with them. a. psychodynamic
b. behavioral
c. humanist-existential
d. sociocultural. 55. 47. These words have no affective connotation to them, meaning they do not imply good or bad. 2.3.3.4. In fact, in many college classrooms, this is exactly what the instructor does. c. psychodynamic. The fundamental attribution error occurs when we automatically assume a dispositional reason for another persons actions and ignore situational factors. a. She felt confined and suffocated in this life and took to a fantasy world she called her private theater. Anna also developed hysteria, including symptoms such as memory loss, paralysis, disturbed eye movements, reduced speech, nausea, and mental deterioration. According to a 2018 report (Prochaska & Norcross), the dominant approach used by clinical psychologists is:
a. existential. Skinner talked about contingencies or when one thing occurs due to another. Positive means that you are giving something good or bad. Figure 2.9. c. neurotransmitters. Ego-defense mechanisms are in place to protect us from this pain but are considered maladaptive if they are misused and become our primary way of dealing with stress. For more information on psychotropic medications, please visit: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-medications/index.shtml. First, libido is the psychic energy that drives a person to pleasurable thoughts and behaviors. 22. c. existential
Unconditioned means unlearned. Clarify how multicultural factors affect mental illness. What an individual views as abnormal behavior in public may be the only way to effectively interact with family members.
b. A therapist pays close attention to what their client has to say and then makes an effort to show accurate empathy and sincerity in their responses. c. helping the client gain insight into his or her unconscious desires and needs. a. First, associative learning is the linking together of information sensed from our environment. See Figure 2.1 below. c. cognitive
The patient might change the subject, stop talking, or lose his/her train of thought. Dichotomous thinking Viewing people or events in all-or-nothing terms. Fourth, it is difficult to empirically study psychodynamic principles since most operate unconsciously. What treatments are available to clinicians courtesy of the biological model of psychopathology? b. exposure
Eventually the fact that no food comes will extinguish this reaction but still, it will be weird for a bit). Treatments related to the biological model include drugs, ECT, and psychosurgery. Shonda responds by changing the subject. None of the models are complete within themselves. a. sociocultural
b. biocultural
c. psychocultural
d. cognitive-cultural. If I do X, then Y will happen. c. psychodynamic. The events (response and consequence) are linked in time. The point where this occurs is called the synapse. Through their training and their professional activities, clinical psychologists become very familiar with the definitions of various forms of abnormal behavior and the ways it differs from normal behavior. Freud believed that the id is fueled by:
a. self-preservation. What is an important characteristic of group therapy? This response does not need to be learned and shows the relationship between an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) yielding an unconditioned response (UCR). If a behavior is not memorable, it will not be imitated. Why is this? This is in accord with what Freud called:
a. reflex. Her therapy is MOST likely:
a. gestalt therapy. Evaluating psychodynamic theory. d. cognitive-behavioral. d. displacement. 131. No one form of couple therapy stands out as superior to others. She works very hard to do things that other people would like and to make people like her. 153. 56. Before introducing the current main models, it is crucial to understand what a model is. b. cognitive-behavioral
d. latency stage. b. a distorted view of the self. d. One-fourth of all treated couples eventually separate or divorce. Anti-anxiety medications such as benzodiazepines are effective in relieving anxiety and take effect more quickly than the antidepressant medications (or buspirone) often prescribed for anxiety. d. object relations theory. The humanistic perspective, or third force psychology (psychoanalysis and behaviorism being the other two forces), emerged in the 1960s and 1970s as an alternative viewpoint to the largely deterministic view of personality espoused by psychoanalysis and the view of humans as machines advocated by behaviorism.
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